Spring Data JPA One to Many Bi-directional Example





Hey guys in this post, we will discuss JPA One-to-Many Bi-directional mapping with Example. We will create a spring boot project step by step and connect it to the MySQL database. Follow this tutorial till the end to understand the JPA one-to-many bi-directional mapping. This is the continuation of the previous post, please follow that post before proceeding with this.

Complete example


Let’s create a step-by-step spring boot project and create a bi-directional mapping between the two tables. We will create a mapping between Laptop and Color tables.

Read More:

  1. Check this how to write JPQL select query
  2. Check this how to write a JPQL delete query

Create spring boot project


There are many different ways to create a spring boot application, you can follow the below articles to create one –

>> Create spring boot application using Spring initializer
>> Create spring boot application in Spring tool suite [STS]
>> Create spring boot application in IntelliJ IDEA

Add maven dependencies


Open pom.xml and add the following dependencies –

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.4.4</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>in.bushansirgur</groupId>
	<artifactId>findbyfieldname</artifactId>
	<version>v1</version>
	<name>findbyfieldname</name>
	<description>Spring boot data jpa find by field name</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

spring-boot-starter-web dependency for building web applications using Spring MVC. It uses the tomcat as the default embedded container.




spring-boot-devtools dependency for automatic reloads or live reload of applications. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa dependency is a starter for using Spring Data JPA with Hibernate. lombok dependency is a java library that will reduce the boilerplate code that we usually write inside every entity class like setters, getters, and toString()

Configure the datasource


spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb
spring.datasource.username=scbushan05
spring.datasource.password=scbushan05

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

Create an entity class


Create Color.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Entity
@Table(name = "tbl_colors")
@Setter
@Getter
public class Color {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Long id;
	
	private String color;
	
	@ManyToOne
	@JoinColumn(name = "laptop_id")
	private Laptop laptop;
}
  • @ManyToOne annotation is used to add one to many relationships between two tables
  • @JoinColumn annotation is used to join a new column, this will be the foreign key column of the tbl_laptops table
  • @Data annotation which is a Lombok annotation, that will automatically create setters, getters, toString(), and equals() for us.
  • @Entity is a mandatory annotation that indicates that this class is a JPA entity and is mapped with a database table.
  • @Table annotation is an optional annotation that contains the table info like table name.




  • @Id annotation is a mandatory annotation that marks a field as the primary key

Create Laptop.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import in.bushansirgur.springboot.request.LaptopRequest;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

@Entity
@Table(name="tbl_laptops")
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Laptop {
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Long id;
	
	private String name;
	
	private String brand;
	
	private BigDecimal price;
	
	@OneToMany(mappedBy = "laptop")
	private List<Color> colors;
	
	public Laptop(LaptopRequest request) {
		this.name = request.getName();
		this.price = request.getPrice();
		this.brand = request.getBrand();
	}
	
}
  • To make bi-directional, inside the Laptop create a reference variable for the Color which will be list and add @OneToMany annotation
  • We will provide the option mappedBy and the value will be the name of the reference variable of Laptop present inside the Color entity

Create a Repository


Create an interface LaptopRepository.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.repos package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.repository;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity.Laptop;

@Repository
public interface LaptopRepository extends JpaRepository<Laptop, Long>{
	
	
}

Create an interface ColorRepository.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.repos package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.repository;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity.Color;

@Repository
public interface ColorRepository extends JpaRepository<Color, Long> {

}

Create a Request class


Create a class LaptopRequest.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.request package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.request;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Setter
@Getter
public class LaptopRequest {
	
	private String name;
	
	private String brand;
	
	private BigDecimal price;
	
	private List<String> colors;
	
	
}

This is just a plain old java object (POJO), contains private fields, setters, and getters. This class is used to send the JSON payload from the client.

Create a Response class


Create a class LaptopResponse.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.response package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.response;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Getter
@Setter
public class LaptopResponse {
	
	private Long id;
	
	private String laptop;
	
	private BigDecimal price;
	
	private String brand;
	
	private List<String> colors;
	
}

Create a class ColorResponse.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.response package and add the following content




package in.bushansirgur.springboot.response;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Setter
@Getter
public class ColorResponse {
	
	private Long id;
	
	private String laptop;
	
	private BigDecimal price;
	
	private String brand;
	
	private String color;
}

These are just plain old java objects (POJOs) that contain private fields, setters, and getters. These response classes are used to send the final json to the client.

Create a Rest controller


Create LaptopController.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.controller package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity.Color;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity.Laptop;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.repository.ColorRepository;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.repository.LaptopRepository;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.request.LaptopRequest;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.response.LaptopResponse;

@RestController
public class LaptopController {
	
	@Autowired
	private LaptopRepository lRepo;
	
	@Autowired
	private ColorRepository cRepo;
	
	@PostMapping("/laptops/save")
	public ResponseEntity<Laptop> saveData (@RequestBody LaptopRequest req) {
		
		Laptop laptop = new Laptop(req);
		laptop = lRepo.save(laptop);
		
		for (String s : req.getColors()) {
			Color c = new Color();
			c.setColor(s);
			c.setLaptop(laptop);
			cRepo.save(c);
		}
		return new ResponseEntity<>(laptop, HttpStatus.CREATED);
		
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/laptops")
	public List<LaptopResponse> getData () {
		List<Laptop> list = lRepo.findAll();
		List<LaptopResponse> responseList = new ArrayList<>();
		
		list.forEach(l -> {
			LaptopResponse response = new LaptopResponse();
			response.setId(l.getId());
			response.setLaptop(l.getName());
			response.setBrand(l.getBrand());
			response.setPrice(l.getPrice());
			List<String> colors = new ArrayList<>();
			for (Color color : l.getColors()) {
				colors.add(color.getColor());
			}
			response.setColors(colors);
			responseList.add(response);
		});
		return responseList;
	}
}

Create ColorController.java inside the in.bushansirgur.springboot.controller package and add the following content

package in.bushansirgur.springboot.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import in.bushansirgur.springboot.entity.Color;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.repository.ColorRepository;
import in.bushansirgur.springboot.response.ColorResponse;

@RestController
public class ColorController {
	
	@Autowired
	private ColorRepository cRepo;
	
	@GetMapping("/colors")
	public List<ColorResponse> getColors () {
		List<Color> list = cRepo.findAll();
		List<ColorResponse> responseList = new ArrayList<>();
		list.forEach(c -> {
			ColorResponse response = new ColorResponse();
			response.setId(c.getId());
			response.setLaptop(c.getLaptop().getName());
			response.setBrand(c.getLaptop().getBrand());
			response.setPrice(c.getLaptop().getPrice());
			response.setColor(c.getColor());
			responseList.add(response);
		});
		return responseList;
	}
}

Run the app


Run the application using the below maven command –

mvn spring-boot:run

Open the browser and enter the following URL –

  • localhost:8080/laptops

Screenshot-2021-06-17-at-6-46-14-PM

  • localhost:8080/colors

Screenshot-2021-06-17-at-6-46-36-PM
That’s it for this post, I hope you guys enjoyed this post. If you did, please share this post with your friends and colleagues. Also, share this post on your social media profile. Thanks, I will see you in the next post.



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Bushan Sirgur

Hey guys, I am Bushan Sirgur from Banglore, India. Currently, I am working as an Associate project in an IT company.

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